Histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical alterations in liver tissue after fungicide-mancozeb exposures in Wistar albino rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical effects of liver changes after mancozeb administration. METHODS: Rats were divided into groups-the control group (n=7) and the mancozeb group (n=7)-, given 500 mg/kg mancozeb dissolved in corn oil daily for four weeks by an orogastric tube. Caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) primary antibodies were used for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values of the mancozeb group increased significantly than ones of the control group. Venous dilatation, inflammation, hepatocyte degeneration, TNF-α, and caspase-3 expression scores increased significantly in the mancozeb group. In the mancozeb group, intensive caspase-3 expression was observed in hepatocyte cells around the central vein in the center of the liver lobule, and there was an increase in TNF-α expression in the inflammatory cells around the enlarged central vein and Kupffer cells and apoptotic hepatocyte cells. CONCLUSIONS: Subacute mancozeb exposure in rats leads to elevated toxicity with impaired liver function, increased inflammation in tissue and increased apoptosis due to cellular damage in the liver, and decreased liver regeneration ability due to congestion and degeneration of blood vessels.

Correction to: Usability of dental pulp visibility and tooth coronal index in digital panoramic radiography in age estimation in the forensic medicine.

The published version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.

Usability of dental pulp visibility and tooth coronal index in digital panoramic radiography in age estimation in the forensic medicine.

Age estimation has a great importance due to legal requirements. The aim of our study was to determine the applicability of two different methods in age estimation; one of them based on the calculation of the visibility of the root pulp of mandibular third molar teeth and the other based on the calculation of the tooth coronal index (TCI) in the mandibular first and second molar teeth in the 9059 digital orthopantomogram of people aged between 15 and 40 in Bursa. In the first method in which the visibility of the fully mineralized root pulp of the mandibular third molar teeth was evaluated in 4 stages; the stages 0, 1, 2, and 3 were observed regardless of sex at the earliest 17.2; 19.1; 20.1, and 25.1 years, respectively. In the second method in which TCI was regressed on chronological age using measuring crown and coronal pulp cavity heights, the most accurate age estimation model based on simple linear regression for all cases without any sex difference was found to be with right first molar tooth (SEE ±7304 years) and the most accurate age model based on multiple regression model was found to be with bilateral first molar teeth (SEE ±7413 years). In conclusion, we believe that the root pulp visibility of the third molar teeth can be applied safely for stages 1, 2, and 3 at 16, 17, and 21 years of ages, respectively. A correlation was also found between TCI and age, and our findings have shown that both methods are available for forensic purposes.

The relationship between nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior and manners of death: a multicenter autopsy study

Background/aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSIB) and manners of death.Materials and methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 6604 autopsy cases evaluated at forensic medicine institutes of six major cities of Turkey. The study group consisted of all cases with NSSIB findings. The control group was created from cases without signs of NSSIB. Results: We found that the numbers of possible suicide and homicide cases in the NSSIB (+) group were significantly higher than in the NSSIB (-) group. The possibility of death due to suicide was 3.213 times and homicide was 2.004 times higher than natural deaths in the NSSIB (+) group compared with the NSSIB (-) group.Conclusion: The presence of NSSIB might increase the risk of death due to suicide and homicide, especially in adolescence.

Investigation of various events occurring in the brain tissue after calvarial defects in rats / Investigación de las alteraciones ocurridas en el tejido cerebral posterior a la creación de defectos en la calvaria de ratas

Bone damage and accidents, traumas can alter people's normal life, and damage the soft tissues. In this study, we aimed to investigate in calvarial defects in rats depending on the severity of cerebral contusion injury occurring in the temporal region. The rats were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 (control group), critical size cranial model with no treatment (n= 10); group 2 (14-day synthetic graft group given 7th day DEXA), critical size cranial model treated with Dexamethasone (0.05 mg/kg intramuscular injection) +Synthetic graft (n= 10) One calvarium defect of 7 mm was made in the parietal bone of each animal under general anesthesia. Calvarial defect results in dilatation of blood vessels, hemorrhage and deterioration was observed in glial fibrillary structures. Additionally, the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor expression showed a positive reaction with glial fibrillary acid protein astrocytes extensions. Apoptotic glial cells stained positive with Bcl-2. Calvarial defects caused by mild brain injury, to be induced by inflammatory cytokines, interrupting glial fibrillary degeneration by affecting the blood brain barrier is thought to promote apoptotic changes.

Daños óseos, accidentes y traumas pueden alterar la vida normal de las personas y dañar los tejidos blandos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los defectos de calota en ratas en función de la gravedad de la lesión cerebral que ocurre en una contusión de la región temporal. Las ratas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: al grupo 1 (control), se le realizó un modelo de defecto craneal de tamaño crítico sin tratamiento (n= 10) y al grupo 2, se le realizó un modelo de defecto craneal de tamaño crítico que fue tratado con dexametasona (0,05 mg/kg vía i.m.) + injerto sintético (n= 10) (14 d con injerto sintético y el día 7 se le administró dexametasona). El modelo generó un defecto de 7 mm en el hueso parietal en cada animal, bajo anestesia general. Los defectos craneales produjeron dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos, hemorragias y deterioro en las estructuras gliales fibrilares. Además, el aumento de la expresión del factor de crecimiento vascular endotelial mostró una reacción con las positiva con la proteína ácida fibrilar de la glía el las extensiones de los astrocitos. Las células gliales apoptóticas se tiñeron positivas con Bcl-2. Los defectos de calota causan una lesión cerebral leve, inducidas por citoquinas inflamatorias, las que interrumpen la degeneración glial fibrilar al afectar la barrera hematoencefálica, induciendo cambios apoptóticos.

Two accidental hanging cases of children.

The cases emphasise the implementation of safety measurements which may prevent the occurrence of accidental hanging in children. Two accidental hanging cases were autopsied at The Council of Forensic Medicine, Bursa Group Chairmanship, Morgue Department. The inquest papers written by police were examined and the scenes and autopsy findings are presented. The first case was a four year old girl and the second case was a five year old boy. Their manners of death were determined as an accident. The first accident occurred out of home, but the second accidental hanging occurred at home. It was seen that childhood deaths due to hanging are preventable. Detailed medico-legal investigation in order to elucidate the manner of death is required in similar cases.

Unusual variation of the hyoid bone: bilateral absence of lesser cornua and abnormal bone attachment to the corpus.

The hyoid bone is a horseshoe-shaped and a solitary bone located at the neck just above the thyroid cartilage. It consists of a body, two greater cornua and two lesser cornua. In this report, we demonstrated an extra bone variation which is attached to the hyoid bone and located at the left side of its corpus. In addition to this abnormal bone attachment to the corpus, lesser cornua were absent bilaterally. Abnormal bone attachment was approximately 3.79-cm long and 0.38-0.50-cm wide and heads toward the upper left of the hyoid bone. We believe that clinicians should be aware of such abnormalities of the hyoid bone because of the functional and clinical importance of its variations and abnormal relations within nearby structures. These abnormalities have a great importance for the surgical operations and radiological studies of the neck region and for the forensic medicine because of the susceptibility of the hyoid bone to the fractures in relation to the strangulation cases.